 | Leaders of Somalia
(Federal Republic of Somalia) |
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Look for biographies of the leaders (in Spanish) at CIDOB website.
Note: the Somali Republic was born on July 1, 1960 as the merger of the State of Somaliland (previously, British Somaliland, independent on June 26, 1960) and the Trust Territory of Somaliland (previously, Italian Somalia, since 1950 a Italy-administered United Nations Trust Territory). The Somali Democratic Republic was proclaimed on October 21, 1969. Since the overtrown of late president M. S. Barre in January 1991, no nationwide Government has been recognized by all factions. The then interim president based in Mogadishu, A. M. Mohamed, proclaimed the Somali Republic on July 21, 1991. The Federal Republic of Somalia was proclaimed on August 2, 2012.
Parties:
ARS: Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia -
PDP: Peace and Development Party -
SDM: Somali Democratic Movement -
SNL: Somali National League -
SPM: Somali Patriotic Movement -
SRSP: Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party -
SSDF: Somali Salvation Democratic Front -
SYL: Somali Youth League -
TPP: Tayo Political Party -
UPD: Union for Peace and Development Party -
USC-SNA: United Somali Congress-Somali National Alliance -
USC-SSA: United Somali Congress-Somali Salvation Alliance -
 Heads of State
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Presidents of the Republic
Aden Abdullah Osman Daar 1 Jul 1960 - 10 Jun 1967 (2007) SYL (acting to 6 Jul 1961)
Abdirashid Ali Shermarke 10 Jun 1967 - 15 Oct 1969 (1969) SYL
Sheikh Moktar Mohamed Husayn 15 Oct 1969 - 21 Oct 1969 (2012) SYL (acting)
Chairman of the Supreme Revolutionary Council
Mohamed Siyad Barre 21 Oct 1969 - 1 Jul 1976 (1995) military
Presidents of the Republic
Mohamed Siyad Barre 1 Jul 1976 - 27 Jan 1991 (1995) SRSP
Ali Mahdi Mohamed 29 Jan 1991 - 3 Jan 1997 (2021) USC-SSA (1)
Interim presidents in rebellion
Mohamed Farah Hassan Aydid 15 Jun 1995 - 1 Aug 1996 (1996) USC-SNA
Husayn Mohamed Farah Aydid 2 Aug 1996 - 20 Mar 1998 USC-SNA
National Salvation Council (NSC)
3 Jan 1997 - ... (2)
Presidents of the Republic
Abdullahi Derow Isaq 22 Aug 2000 - 27 Aug 2000 (2006) n/p (acting) (3)
Abdiqassim Salad Hassan 27 Aug 2000 - 14 Oct 2004 n/p (transitional) (4)
Abdullahi Yussuf Ahmed 14 Oct 2004 - 29 Dec 2008 (2012) SSDF
Aden Mohamed Nur Madobe 29 Dec 2008 - 31 Jan 2009 (acting)
Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed 31 Jan 2009 - 20 Aug 2012 ARS
Muse Hassan Sheikh Abdulle 20 Aug 2012 - 28 Aug 2012 n/p (acting, interim) (5)
Mohamed Osman Jawari 28 Aug 2012 - 16 Sep 2012 (2024) n/p (acting) (5)
Hassan Sheikh Mohamud 16 Sep 2012 - 16 Feb 2017 PDP, n/p
Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed 16 Feb 2017 - 23 May 2022 TPP
Hassan Sheikh Mohamud 23 May 2022 - UPD
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(1) Ali Mahdi Mohamed ruled as interim president until 21 Jul 1991, being officially installed on 18 Aug 1991 but unrecognized by some faction leaders, notably Aydid's USC-SNA.
(2) On 3 Jan 1997 a multi-faction National Salvation Council was created, comprising 41 members with a collective chairmanship of five: Ali Mahdi Mohamed (USC-SSA); Osman Hassan Ali Ato (USC-SNA, dissident faction); Abdulkadir Mohamed Aden Zoppo (SDM, +2002); Abdullahi Yussuf Ahmed (SSDF); and Aden Abdullahi Nur Gabiyow (SPM). Exact tenure of this Council is ignored, as ended up in failure.
(3) Abdullahi Derow Isaq ruled as acting president as speaker of the Transitional National Assembly (TNA) convened in Djibouti.
(4) Abdiqassim Salad Hassan ruled as president of the Republic and head of the Transitional National Government (TNG), in Djibouti exile to 14 Oct 2000 and with proclaimed nationwide authority, but unrecognized by several armed factions and autonomous administrations outside Mogadishu -none of them recognized abroad- notably: the Republic of Somaliland (self-proclaimed 18 May 1991); the Puntland State of Somalia (self-proclaimed 23 Jul 1998); the multifactional counter-government Somali Reconciliation and Restoration Council (SRRC, organized 26 Mar 2001); and the State of Southwestern Somalia (self-proclaimed 1 Abr 2002).
(5) Pending the election of the President of the Republic, the chairman of the new Federal Parliament became acting president.
| Heads of Government
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Prime Ministers
Mohamed Haji Ibrahim Egal 26 Jun 1960 - 12 Jul 1960 (2002) SNL
Abdirashid Ali Shermarke 12 Jul 1960 - 14 Jun 1964 (1969) SYL
Abdirizak Haji Husayn 14 Jun 1964 - 15 Jul 1967 (2014) SYL (acting to 27 Sep 1964)
Mohamed Haji Ibrahim Egal 15 Jul 1967 - 1 Nov 1969 (2002) SYL
Mohamed Siyad Barre 1 Nov 1969 - Mar 1970 (1995) military
Mohamed Ali Samatar 1 Feb 1987 - 3 Sep 1990 (2016) SRSP
Mohamed Hawadle Madar 3 Sep 1990 - 24 Jan 1991 SRSP
Umar Arteh Ghalib 24 Jan 1991 - 1993 (2020) USC
Heads of the Transitional National Government (TNG)
Ali Khalif Galaid 8 Oct 2000 - 28 Oct 2001 (2020) n/p
Osman Jama Ali 28 Oct 2001 - 12 Nov 2001 n/p (acting)
Hassan Abshir Farah 12 Nov 2001 - 8 Dec 2003 (2020) n/p
Mohamed Abdi Yussuf 8 Dec 2003 - 3 Nov 2004 n/p
Heads of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG)
Ali Mohamed Ghedi 3 Nov 2004 - 29 Oct 2007 n/p
Salim Aliyow Ibrow 29 Oct 2007 - 24 Nov 2007 n/p (acting)
Nur Hassan Husayn 24 Nov 2007 - 14 Feb 2009 (2020) n/p
Omar Abdirashid Ali Shermarke 14 Feb 2009 - 24 Sep 2010 n/p
Abdiwahid Elmi Gonjeh 24 Sep 2010 - 1 Nov 2010 n/p (acting)
Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed 1 Nov 2010 - 19 Jun 2011 n/p
Abdiweli Mohamed Ali Gaas 19 Jun 2011 - 20 Aug 2012 n/p (acting to 28 Jun 2011)
Prime Ministers (heads of the Federal Government)
Abdiweli Mohamed Ali Gaas 20 Aug 2012 - 17 Oct 2012 n/p
Abdi Farah Shirdon 17 Oct 2012 - 21 Dec 2013 n/p
Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed 21 Dec 2013 - 24 Dec 2014 n/p
Omar Abdirashid Ali Shermarke 24 Dec 2014 - 1 Mar 2017 n/p
Hassan Ali Khaire 1 Mar 2017 - 25 Jul 2020 n/p
Mahdi Mohamed Guled 25 Jul 2020 - 27 Sep 2020 n/p (acting)
Mohamed Husayn Roble 27 Sep 2020 - 25 Jun 2022 n/p
Hamza Abdi Barre 25 Jun 2022 - UPD
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