Organization for Security and
Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
[To the list of countries]
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Note: The Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) was created as a permanent institution on August 1, 1975 upon signature of the Helsinki Final Act. By a decision of the Budapest Summit of Heads of State or Government, held on December 5-6, 1994, the CSCE became the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) on January 1, 1995.

Look for biographies of the leaders (in Spanish) at CIDOB website.


Secretaries-general
Wilhelm Höynck             15 Jun 1993 - 15 Jun 1996         Germany
Giancarlo Aragona          15 Jun 1996 - 15 Jun 1999         Italy
Ján Kubis                  15 Jun 1996 - 21 Jun 2005         Slovakia
Marc Perrin de Brichambaut 21 Jun 2005 -  1 Jul 2011         France
Lamberto Zannier            1 Jul 2011 -  1 Jul 2017         Italy
Thomas Greminger            1 Jul 2017 - 18 Jul 2020         Switzerland
Tuula Yrjölä               18 Jul 2020 -  4 Dec 2020         Finland (acting)
Helga Schmid                4 Dec 2020 -                     Germany

Chairmen-in-office
Hans-Dietrich Genscher        Jun 1991 - 31 Dec 1991 (†2016) Germany
Jirí Dienstbier             1 Jan 1992 -  2 Jul 1992 (†2011) Czechoslovakia
Jozef Moravcik              2 Jul 1992 - 31 Dec 1992         Czechoslovakia
Margaretha af Ugglas        1 Jan 1993 - 31 Dec 1993         Sweden
Beniamino Andreatta         1 Jan 1994 - 11 May 1994 (†2007) Italy
Antonio Martino            11 May 1994 - 31 Dec 1994         Italy
László Kovács               1 Jan 1995 - 31 Dec 1995         Hungary
Flavio Cotti                1 Jan 1996 - 31 Dec 1996         Switzerland
Niels Helveg Petersen       1 Jan 1997 - 31 Dec 1997 (†2017) Denmark
Bronislaw Geremek           1 Jan 1998 - 31 Dec 1998 (†2008) Poland
Knut Vollebćk               1 Jan 1999 - 31 Dec 1999         Norway
Wolfgang Schüssel           1 Jan 2000 -  4 Feb 2000         Austria
Benita Ferrero-Waldner      4 Feb 2000 - 31 Dec 2000         Austria     
Mircea Geoana               1 Jan 2001 - 31 Dec 2001         Romania
Jaime Gama                  1 Jan 2002 -  6 Apr 2002         Portugal
António Martins da Cruz     6 Apr 2002 - 31 Dec 2002         Portugal
Jaap de Hoop Scheffer       1 Jan 2003 -  3 Dec 2004         Netherlands
Ben Bot                     3 Dec 2004 - 31 Dec 2004         Netherlands
Solomon Isak Passy          1 Jan 2004 - 31 Dec 2004         Bulgaria   
Dimitrij Rupel              1 Jan 2005 - 31 Dec 2005         Slovenia
Karel De Gucht              1 Jan 2006 - 31 Dec 2006         Belgium 
Miguel Ángel Moratinos      1 Jan 2007 - 31 Dec 2007         Spain
Ilkka Kanerva               1 Jan 2008 -  4 Apr 2008         Finland
Alexander Stubb             4 Apr 2008 - 31 Dec 2008         Finland
Dora Bakoyannis             1 Jan 2009 -  7 Oct 2009         Greece
Georgios Papandreou         7 Oct 2009 - 31 Dec 2009         Greece
Kanat Saudabayev            1 Jan 2010 - 31 Dec 2010         Kazakhstan
Audronius Azubalis          1 Jan 2011 - 31 Dec 2011         Lithuania
Eamon Gilmore               1 Jan 2012 - 31 Dec 2012         Ireland
Leonid Kozhara              1 Jan 2013 - 31 Dec 2013         Ukraine
Didier Burkhalter           1 Jan 2014 - 31 Dec 2014         Switzerland
Ivica Dacic                 1 Jan 2015 - 31 Dec 2015         Serbia
Frank-Walter Steinmeier     1 Dec 2016 - 31 Dec 2016         Germany
Sebastian Kurz              1 Jan 2017 - 18 Dec 2017         Austria
Karin Kneissl              18 Dec 2017 - 31 Dec 2017         Austria
Angelino Alfano             1 Jan 2018 -  1 Jun 2018         Italy
Enzo Moavero Milanesi       1 Jun 2018 - 31 Dec 2018         Italy
Miroslav Lajcák             1 Jan 2019 - 31 Dec 2019         Slovakia
Edi Rama                    1 Jan 2020 - 31 Dec 2020         Albania
Ann Linde                   1 Jan 2021 - 31 Dec 2021         Sweden
Zbigniew Rau                1 Jan 2022 -                     Poland

High Commissioners on National Minorities (HCNM)
Max van der Stoel           1 Jan 1993 -  1 Jul 2001 (†2011) Netherlands
Rolf Ekéus                  1 Jul 2001 -  4 Jul 2007         Sweden
Knut Vollebćk               4 Jul 2007 - 20 Aug 2013         Norway
Astrid Thors               20 Aug 2013 - 19 Aug 2016         Finland
Lamberto Zannier           19 Jul 2017 - 18 Jul 2020         Italy
Kairat Abdrakhmanov         4 Dec 2020 -                     Kazakhstan 

Directors of the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR)
Luchino Cortese              1991-1994 Italy
Audrey Glover                1994-1997 United Kingdom
Gérard Stoudmann             1997-2003 Switzerland
Christian Strohal            2003-2008 Austria
Janez Lenarcic               2008-2014 Slovenia
Michael Georg Link           2014-2017 Germany
Ingibjörg Sólrún Gísladóttir 2017-2020 Iceland
Katarzyna Gardapkhadze       2020      Georgia (alternate)
Matteo Mecacci               2020-     Italy


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