 | Leaders Cambodia (Kingdom of Cambodia) |
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Political milestones: 12 Mar 1945: independence from France of the Kingdom of Cambodia proclaimed under Japanese occupation - 8 Nov 1949: Associated State within the French Union - 9 Nov 1953: independence of the Kingdom of Cambodia effective - 9 Oct 1970: Khmer Republic - 5 Jan 1976: Democratic Kampuchea (retaining UN recognition to 20 Nov 1991) - 7 Jan 1979: People's Republic of Kampuchea (not recognized by UN) - 7 Jan 1979 to 26 Sep 1989: Vietnamese occupation - 1 May 1989: State of Cambodia - 15 Mar 1992 to 26 Sep 1993: administration of the UN Transitional Authority iN Cambodia (UNTAC) - 24 Sep 1993: Kingdom of Cambodia
Parties and organizations: FNLPK: Khmer People's National Liberation Front - FUNCINPEC: National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia - FUNK: National United Front of Kampuchea (coalition of Sihanoukists and Khmer Rouge, 1970-1976) - FUNSK: Kampuchean National United Front for National Salvation (PRPK-led coalition, 1979-1981) - KKP: Khmer Renovation Party (Kanakpak Khemara Ponnakar) - KP: Democratic Party (Krom Pracheathipodei ) - KPK: Cambodian People's Party (Kanakpak Pracheachon Kβmpuchιa, PRPK to 1991) - KS: Free Khmer (Khmer Serei) - PCK: Communist Party of Kampuchea (first known publicly as Angkar Loeu, or High Organization, actually Khmer Rouge, from 29 Sep 1977 it was officially announced to be the PCK) - PKD: Party of Democratic Kampuchea (formerly PCK) - PRPK: Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party (1981-1991) - RNC: Cambodian National Resistance (rebel military coalition) - SRN: Peoples Socialist Community (Sangkum Reastr Niyum) - SSR: Social Republican Party (Sangkum Sathιaranak Rβth )
 Heads of State
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Kings Norodom Sihanouk 26 Apr 1941 - 2 Mar 1955 (2012) Norodom Suramarit 3 Mar 1955 - 3 Apr 1960 (1960) Heads of State Chuop Hell 3 Apr 1960 - 6 Apr 1960 (1975) SRN (acting) Prince Sisovath Monireth 6 Apr 1960 - 13 Jun 1960 (1975) n/p (chairman Council of Regency) Chuop Hell 13 Jun 1960 - 20 Jun 1960 (1975) SRN (acting) Prince Norodom Sihanouk 20 Jun 1960 - 18 Mar 1970 (2012) SRN (1) Cheng Heng 18 Mar 1970 - 10 Mar 1972 (1996) SRN (acting to 9 Oct 1970) Lon Nol 10 Mar 1972 - 14 Mar 1972 (1985) military Presidents of the Republic Lon Nol 14 Mar 1972 - 12 Apr 1975 (1985) military/SSR Saukham Khoy 1 Apr 1975 - 12 Apr 1975 (2008) SSR (acting for Lon Nol) Sak Suthsakan 12 Apr 1975 - 17 Apr 1975 (1994) military (acting) Head of State Prince Norodom Sihanouk 17 Apr 1975 - 11 Apr 1976 (2012) FUNK President of the State Presidium Khieu Samphan 11 Apr 1976 - 7 Jan 1979 PCK (Khmer Rouge) President of the People's Revolutionary Council Heng Samrin 7 Jan 1979 - 27 Jun 1981 FUNSK, PRPK Chairmen of the Council of State Heng Samrin 27 Jun 1981 - 6 Apr 1992 KPK (2) Chea Sim 6 Apr 1992 - 14 Jun 1993 (2015) KPK Chairman of the Supreme National Council (SNC) and head of the State Prince Norodom Sihanouk 23 Oct 1991 - 24 sep 1993 (2012) FUNCINPEC, n/p (3) King Norodom Sihanouk 24 Sep 1993 - 7 Oct 2004 (2012) Chairman of the Senate Chea Sim 7 Oct 2004 - 14 Oct 2004 (2014) KPK (acting head of State) King Norodom Sihamoni 14 Oct 2004 - |
(2) The Council of State, supreme executive organ of the People's Republic of Kampuchea and then of the State of Cambodia, transferred powers to the Supreme National Council on 23 Oct 1991 (see below for details). On 14 Jun 1993 the elected Constituent Assembly was convened and the Council of State handed over the remaining state powers, ceasing to exist.
(3) Sihanouk chaired the SNC from 16 Jul 1991, but this office was not empowered as the unique legitimate body and source of authority and sovereignty up to 23 Oct 1991, date of signing of the Comprehensive Political Settlement of the Cambodia Conflict at the Paris peace Conference. On 20 Nov 1991 Sihanouk took over in Phnom Penh with the style "head of the State" with non-partisan condition. He continued as SNC chairman to his reinstatement as reigning King on 24 Sep 1993.
| Heads of Government
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Prime Ministers Norodom Sihanouk 18 Mar 1945 - 13 Aug 1945 (2012) n/p Son Ngoc Thanh 14 Aug 1945 - 16 Oct 1945 (1977) n/p Prince Sisovath Monireth 17 Oct 1945 - 15 Dec 1946 (1975) n/p Prince Sisovath Youtevong 15 Dec 1946 - 25 Jul 1947 (1947) KP Prince Sisovath Vatchayavong 25 Jul 1947 - 20 Feb 1948 (1972) KP Chhean Vam 20 Feb 1948 - 14 Aug 1948 (2000) KP Penn Nouth 7 Sep 1948 - 21 Jan 1949 (1985 KP Yem Sambaur 12 Feb 1949 - 20 Sep 1949 (1989) KP Ieu Koeus 20 Sep 1949 - 29 Sep 1949 (1950) KP Yem Sambaur 29 Sep 1949 - 28 Apr 1950 (1989) KP Prince Norodom Sihanouk 28 Apr 1950 - 30 May 1950 (2012) n/p Prince Sisovath Monipong 1 Jun 1950 - 3 Mar 1951 (1956) KKP Oum Chheang Sun 3 Mar 1951 - 12 Oct 1951 n/p Huy Kanthoul 13 Oct 1951 - 16 Jun 1952 (1991) KP Prince Norodom Sihanouk 16 Jun 1952 - 24 Jan 1953 (2012) n/p Penn Nouth 24 Jan 1953 - 22 Nov 1953 (1985) KP Chan Nak 23 Nov 1953 - 7 Apr 1954 (1954) n/p Prince Norodom Sihanouk 7 Apr 1954 - 18 Apr 1954 (2012) n/p Penn Nouth 18 Apr 1954 - 26 Jan 1955 (1985) KP Leng Ngeth 26 Jan 1955 - 3 Oct 1955 (1975) KP Prince Norodom Sihanouk 3 Oct 1955 - 5 Jan 1956 (2012) SRN Oum Chheang Sun 5 Jan 1956 - 29 Feb 1956 SRN Prince Norodom Sihanouk 1 Mar 1956 - 24 Mar 1956 (2012) SRN Khim Tit 3 Apr 1956 - 29 Jul 1956 (1975) SRN Prince Norodom Sihanouk 15 Sep 1956 - 15 Oct 1956 (2012) SRN San Yun 25 Oct 1956 - 9 Apr 1957 (1974) SRN Prince Norodom Sihanouk 9 Apr 1957 - 7 Jul 1957 (2012) SRN Sim Var 26 Jul 1957 - 11 Jan 1958 (1989) SRN Ek Yi Oun 11 Jan 1958 - 17 Jan 1958 SRN Penn Nouth 17 Jan 1958 - 10 Apr 1958 (1985) SRN Sim Var 29 Apr 1958 - 10 Jul 1958 (1989) SRN Prince Norodom Sihanouk 10 Jul 1958 - 19 Apr 1960 (2012) SRN Pho Proeung 19 Apr 1960 - 28 Jan 1961 (1975) n/p Penn Nouth 28 Jan 1961 - 17 Nov 1961 (1985) SRN Prince Norodom Sihanouk 17 Nov 1961 - 6 Aug 1962 (2012) SRN Nhiek Tioulong 13 Feb 1962 - 6 Aug 1962 (1996) SRN (acting for Sihanouk) Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum 6 Aug 1962 - 6 Oct 1962 (2009) SRN Prince Norodom Kantol 6 Oct 1962 - 25 Oct 1966 (1976) SRN Lon Nol 25 Oct 1966 - 2 May 1967 (1985) SRN/military Son Sann 2 May 1967 - 30 Jan 1968 (2000) SRN Penn Nouth 30 Jan 1968 - 14 Aug 1969 (1985) SRN Lon Nol 14 Aug 1969 - 10 Mar 1972 (1985) SRN/military Prince Sisovath Sirik Matak 6 May 1971 - 18 Mar 1972 (1975) n/p (acting for Lon Nol to 10 Mar 1972) Son Ngoc Thanh 18 Mar 1972 - 14 Oct 1972 (1977) KS Hang Thun Hak 14 Oct 1972 - 16 May 1973 (1975) SSR In Tam 16 May 1973 - 26 Dec 1973 (2006) SSR Long Boreth 26 Dec 1973 - 17 Apr 1975 (1975) SSR Penn Nouth 17 Apr 1975 - 4 Apr 1976 (1985) FUNK Khieu Samphan 4 Apr 1976 - 13 May 1976 PCK (Khmer Rouge) Pol Pot 13 May 1976 - 7 Jan 1979 (1998) PCK (Khmer Rouge) President of the People's Revolutionary Council Heng Samrin 7 Jan 1979 - 27 Jun 1981 FUNSK, PRPK Chairmen of the Council of Ministers Pen Sovan 27 Jun 1981 - 5 Dec 1981 (2016) PRPK Chan Sy 5 Dec 1981 - 26 Dec 1984 (1984) PRPK (acting to 9 Feb 1982) Hun Sen 14 Jan 1985 - 2 Jul 1993 PRPK, KPK Co-equal Prime Ministers of the Provisional National Government Prince Norodom Ranariddh + (1921) FUNCINPEC Hun Sen 2 Jul 1993 - 21 Sep 1993 KPK 1st Prime Ministers of the Royal Government Prince Norodom Ranariddh 21 Sep 1993 - 6 Jul 1997 (1921) FUNCINPEC Ung Huot 16 Jul 1997 - 30 Nov 1998 FUNCINPEC 2nd Prime Minister of the Royal Government Hun Sen 21 Sep 1993 - 30 Nov 1998 KPK Prime Minister of the Royal Government Hun Sen 30 Nov 1998 - 22 Aug 2023 KPK Hun Manet 22 Aug 2023 - KPK |
1) Royal Government of National Union of Kampuchea (GRUNK, 1970-1976) (4) Head of State Prince Norodom Sihanouk 5 May 1970 - 17 Apr 1975 (2012) FUNK Prime Minister Penn Nouth 5 May 1970 - 17 Apr 1975 (1985) FUNK Deputy Prime Minister Khieu Samphan 5 May 1970 - 17 Apr 1975 FUNK 2) Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (GCKD, 1982-1990) and National Government of Cambodia (GNC, 1990-1993) (5) President Prince Norodom Sihanouk 22 Jun 1982 - 2 Jul 1993 (2012) FUNCINPEC/RNC Vice President Khieu Samphan 22 Jun 1982 - 2 Jul 1993 PKD/RNC Prime Minister Son Sann 22 Jun 1982 - 2 Jul 1993 (2000) FNLPK/RNC(4) The GRUNK stood in rebellion against the regime of the Khmer Republic and in Beijing exile from 5 May 1970 (following the 18 Mar coup d'etat staged by PM Lon Nol) until 17 Apr 1975 (conquest of Phnom Penh by Khmer Rouge guerrillas); it continued to the proclamation of the State of Democratic Kampuchea on 5 Jan 1976.
(5) The GCKD and his successor since 3 Feb 1990, the GNC, retained the United Nations recognition from the previous State of Democratic Kampuchea (1976-1979).
First Secretary of PRPK Pen Sovan 5 Jan 1979 - 29 May 1981 (2016) General Secretaries of PRPK Pen Sovan 29 May 1981 - 5 Dec 1981 (2016) Heng Samrin 5 Dec 1981 - 17 Oct 1991 Chairmen of the KPK Chea Sim 17 Oct 1991 - 8 Jun 2015 (2015) Hun Sen 8 Jun 2015 -[To the list of countries] [To the ZPC Homepage]
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